又搜到一些文字与图片，11楼，关于第一只手表，不知道谁更得到认可...

The first wristwatch was made for a woman, Countess Koscowicz of Hungary, by Swiss watch manufacturer Patek Philippe in 1868. Although it was the first timekeeping device to be designed specifically for use on the wrist, it was intended primarily as a piece of decorative jewellery.

It has been claimed that pocket watches were adapted to be worn on wrist bracelets prior to 1868, perhaps as early as the 1570s. However, there is no concrete evidence to support this, and Patek Philippe’s design for Countess Koscowicz was the first true wristwatch in the modern sense of the word. Wristwatches were a natural progression from pocket watches, but men did not initially take to the idea, preferring to rely on the larger, more traditional (and masculine) timepiece. However, the practicalities of the wristwatch, which could be operated with one hand rather than two, eventually won over popular opinion, appealing especially to those in the military, who needed to be able to monitor the time while also operating machinery and weaponry. Consequently, the first wristwatches to be produced in large quantities were those manufactured specifically for the German military in the 1880s by Swiss watchmaker Girard-Perregau

google翻译：

第一伯爵夫人匈牙利Koscowicz的，对于女人来说，手表由瑞士钟表制造商百达翡丽于1868年。虽然它是第一个被专门设计用于在手腕上的计时装置，它的目的主要是作为一件装饰性首饰。它一直声称要戴在手腕上的手镯到1868年之前，也许早在16世纪70年代，怀表被改编。然而，有没有具体的证据来支持这一点，百达翡丽的设计伯爵夫人Koscowicz是这个词的现代意义上的第一个真正的手表。从怀表手表是一个自然的过程，但男人没有最初的想法，宁愿依靠更大，更传统的（和男性）手表。然而，实际的手表，可以用一只手，而不是两个操作，最终赢得了民意，有吸引力，尤其是那些在军事上，需要能够监控的时间，同时还经营机械和武器装备。因此，大量生产的第一批手表制造专门针对德国军队在19世纪80年代由瑞士钟表制造商GP芝柏表。

谁可以更严谨的翻译一下吖？

闹爷

一切为了方便才从殿堂钟发展到大家的手上变为手表 也是因为“方便”机械手表为了生存变成了奢饰品 呵呵也是挺可悲的

争议的焦点在于手镯首饰表算不算“手表”，20世纪以前，公开场合看表都是不礼貌的，何况抬起手腕再掀起表盖看，表如果失去了实用价值，还算不算是“表”？

1868年，百达翡丽为匈牙利伯爵夫人Koscowicz制作了有史以来的第一款女士腕表。尽管这款女装表是第一个手腕计时装置，但它的主要仍是一件装饰性首饰。因此，我们可以确信，由怀表改装而来的腕表至少在1868年之前就存在了，甚至有可能早在16世纪70年代就诞生，尽管并没有什么确凿依据证实Koscowicz腕表名副其实是史上第一。
由怀表发展为腕表是一个必然的进程，然而在一开始，人们并不接受怀表，反而更加喜欢使用其他巨大而传统（男性化）的时机仪器。不过，可以单手操作的手表比需要双手操作的怀表更实用，最终赢得了广泛认可。
在军事使用上，士兵在看时间的同时还要操作武器装备，因此在19世纪80年代，芝柏表为德军生产了第一款量产的手表。

谷歌翻译实在令人汗颜。。。。需要自行脑补。。

shek329 发表于 2013-7-4 08:29
争议的焦点在于手镯首饰表算不算“手表”，20世纪以前，公开场合看表都是不礼貌的，何况抬起手腕再掀起表盖 ...

钟表钟表，人家经常把“钟”和“表”这两个东西放在一个词汇里，到底怎样定义这两个玩意？

石板，您有头绪吗？

chlogan 发表于 2013-7-4 09:11
谷歌翻译实在令人汗颜。。。。需要自行脑补。。

我给谷歌翻译的代名词叫做“幼儿园翻译机”，不知算不算妥当。

普通的单词一般都没有问题，但一旦到了翻译一些专业性稍高的词汇就卡壳了。

nomorewatch 发表于 2013-7-5 03:25
钟表钟表，人家经常把“钟”和“表”这两个东西放在一个词汇里，到底怎样定义这两个玩意？

石板，您有 ...

钟不能戴，表能戴（挂在身上也叫戴）。

shek329 发表于 2013-7-4 12:06
钟不能戴，表能戴（挂在身上也叫戴）。

既然这样的话，那么所有能被称作“表”的东西都是便携的，那为什么还会有人用“便携表”这个字眼呢？

从钟到表要有一个微缩化的过程，名词的诞生也一定有相应的背景，那也未必是说它其实就是钟或者就是表。因为一个名词把简单的问题复杂化，没必要。

Cartier and Santos-Dumont, a watch for flying - 1904

Bamberger continues: "He didn't know how he could control his beautiful aeroplane, this crazy machine, the Demoiselle. So one day he asked his friend Louis Cartier to make something different, because in those days there were only pocket watches. That's how Louis Cartier created the first wristwatch, which was named the Santos-Dumont watch in his honour." It was 1904 when Santos-Dumont talked to his friend Louis Cartier about his problem of using a pocket watch when flying. He was celebrating the Deutsch de la Meurthe **, for the first flight from Parc Saint Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in less than thirty minutes, in a dirigible. His work on his pioneering aeroplane, the 14-bis (so-named because in tests, it was suspended under the dirigible number 14), came later, in 1906. But the Brazilian-born Santos-Dumont was a great personality in Paris, and he was nicknamed "le petit Santos." High society Parisians soon caught on to his eccentric dress style, including high-collared shirts and a Panama hat. So he contributed a great deal to the popularity of the wristwatch, once Cartier had created a watch with a leather strap and a small buckle. Today, the Santos-Dumont watch is still part of the Cartier range, with many versions, including skeletonized and women's as well as the classic men's.

Girard-Perregaux, a watch for the German navy - 1880

Another candidate for the world's first wristwatch is a model by Girard-Perregaux, or more precisely by watchmaker Constant Girard, who had founded his own company in 1852. It became Girard-Perregaux in 1856 after marrying Marie Perregaux. The watch in question was first made in 1880 on commission from Kaiser Wilhelm I for German naval officers. Two thousand watches were manufactured with the characteristic protective grille, and so this is without doubt the first large series of wristwatches ever made. But the product didn't become popular amongst the male general public, and this watch was discontinued. Much later, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin used a Girard-Perregaux watch to time the flights of his airships, therefore mirroring Santos-Dumont. Girard-Perregaux's wristwatches began to become universally popular from about 1910.

Patek Philippe - an early women's wristwatch - 1868

In actual fact, one of the first wristwatches dates from much earlier. Patek Philippe made its first wristwatch in 1868, and it was sold to the Countess Koscowicz of Hungary in 1876. This was a large and ornate piece wound with a key. It looked something like a triptych, with two diamond and gold panels on each side of the timepiece itself. From then on, wristwatches were really a women's thing, and so they were often heavily jewelled bracelets, with the watch reduced to an accessory.

Bracelet watch by Capt & Freundler, Geneva - 1813

Going back even further, one of the oldest bracelet-watches was made by Capt & Freundler à Genève in 1813. This piece is exhibited at the Musée d'Horlogerie du Locie, Switzerland.

Breguet's first wristwatch - 1812

Just one year earlier, French watchmaker Breguet created what it describes as the "first wristwatch in horological history." This piece was ordered in 1810 by Caroline Murat, Napoleon's sister, and queen of Naples. It was delivered in 1812. The brand's Reine de Naples range is named after Murat. Breguet ran an exhibition at Cité du Temps in Geneva, coinciding with SIHH, from 16 January to 12 February 2012. The watch was reference number 2639, and it seems no longer to be in existence, though Breguet exhibited some information on the watch from its archives.

Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (1755-1793) was an enthusiastic collector of fine timepieces, and one of the most beautiful and complex pocket watches of all time was commissioned for her from Breguet in 1783. It had all the complications that could be conceived at that time. It took 44 years to complete, and was finished 34 years after the unfortunate queen had been beheaded. But did she actually own a wristwatch?

Unknown watchmaker for Queen Elizabeth I - late 1500s

Another even earlier queen, Elizabeth I (1533-1603) of Britain, also loved time-pieces, and records document that the Queen's Equerry, the Earl of Leicester, gave her a jewelled watch mounted on an armlet – making it very close to the contemporary wristwatch. (She also had a ring watch, which incorporated an unusual alarm mechanism. A small pring emerged and scratched her finger - albeit delicately!) Details of this have, like the Breguet 2639, disappeared into the mists of time.

To conclude, we could say that before Cartier and the Santos-Dumont watch, watches were purely for women, and were fundamentally decorative status symbols. They were rather derisively referred to as "wristlets," and gentlemen preferred pocket watches until Santos-Dumont, and the practical necessities of World War 1, changed the situation. Just another facet of the fascinating subject of measuring time.

好钟表

1920–1950 Wristwatches

Patek Philippe created the first wristwatch in 1868. In 1880, Constant Girard (Girard-Perregaux) developed a concept of wristwatches, made for German naval officers and ordered by Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany. Two-thousand watches were produced, which represents the first important commercialization of wristwatches for men; wristwatches were mostly worn by women until the First World War.

In 1904, Brazilian aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont asked his friend Louis Cartier to come up with an alternative that would allow him to keep both hands on the controls while timing his performances during flight. Cartier and his master watchmaker Edmond Jaeger soon came up with the first prototype for a man's wristwatch called the Santos wristwatch. The Santos first went on sale in 1911, the date of Cartier's first production of wristwatches.

However, the pocketwatch remained the favorite style among men until the First World War. During the war, soldiers needed access to their watches while their hands were full. They were issued wristwatches, called "trench watches", which were made with pocketwatch movements, so they were large and bulky and had the crown at the 12 o'clock position like pocketwatches. After the war, pocketwatches went out of fashion, and by 1930, the ratio of wrist- to pocketwatches was 50 to 1. The first successful self-winding system was invented by John Harwood in 1923.

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_watches#1920.E2.80.931950_Wristwatches

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芝柏的2000只德国海军军官表，是史载最早的男式腕表，但始终没有见到有实物存世，比较蹊跷，芝柏表厂还悬赏征集过。

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