转爱表AP版主algtrd的发言: 由同轴引起的新擒纵革命(内含惊人新发现!)
最近看了chn6兄发表的8500和同轴擒纵的技术贴,很受鼓舞。我对技术是一瓶子不满半瓶子晃荡,对O和同轴也接触不多,唯一喜欢做的就是在google上搜索资料学习。偶然地搜索到了许多在同轴之后的各类新擒纵的资料,和大家分享,特别是希望chn6这样的专家能够消化吸收以后再为大家科普。从这些资料里我看到在近几年里各大厂家对新擒纵的研发普遍加速,而且是八仙过海各显神通。唯一的解释是这些厂家的研发部都通过同轴擒纵看到了新技术的优势,唯恐落后于人。从这个侧面,我认为纵使2500有过缺陷,哪怕8500不能把新技术的优势全面发挥出来,总体上O还是指出了技术发展的大方向。
0. 从同轴说起,它的各项关键技术之一是直接传动(direct impulse)。在摆轮一来一回的过程中,同轴把两次传动中的一次变成了直接传动。而各类新擒纵也都在直接传动上做文章,所以我在google上搜的是“direct impulse escapement”。
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劳力士擒纵专利详细:
本帖最后由 algtrd 于 2013-1-13 12:00 编辑
chn6 发表于 2013-1-13 10:40 9 G; G, r3 M" [
兄弟应该把这个消息再发劳坛,无论如何都是超有价值的信息啊,看看这次大家的预言都如何。
看附件里的图好像和AP的擒纵有点像。文件里还提到了2006年一个宝玑的专利设计。越来越有趣了。
This escapement comprises a balance wheel (3), an escape wheel (1), a detent rocker (4) having an arresting element (4a) and an elastic clearance element (4c), means for inserting the arresting element into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1), and a clearance pin (7) rotating integrally with the balance wheel (3) in order to engage with the elastic clearance element (4c) of the rocker (4) once per period of oscillation of the balance wheel. The means for inserting the arresting element (4a) into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1) comprise a sliding surface (4b) integral with the detent rocker (4) and arranged so as to move into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1) when the arresting element (4a) leaves it, this sliding surface being shaped so as to return the arresting element (4a) to the locking position.
Inventors: Alexandre Chiuve, Fabiano Colpo
Original Assignee: Rolex S.A.
Primary Examiner: Vit Miska
Attorney: Westerman, Hattori, Daniels & Adrian, LLP
Current U.S. Classification: 368/127; 368/129,
View patent at USPTO
Search USPTO Assignment Database, |# K2 D- P2 i
Citations
Cited Patent Filing date Issue date Original Assignee Title) D3 F) S$ p- x x" h9 V
US40508 Nov 3, 1863 IMPROVEMENT IN TIME-KEEPERS
US51191 Nov 28, 1865 IMPROVEMENT IN CHRONOMETER-ESCAPEMENTS7
US1091261 Jul 22, 1913 Mar 24, 1914 CHRONOMETER-ESCAPEMENT
US3538705 Nov 7, 1968 Nov 10, 1970 ES CAPEMENT
US4122665 Jul 6, 1976 Oct 31, 1978 ETA A.G. Ebauches-Fabrik Method of manufacturing a pallet lever and pallet lever made by this method
US7097350 Mar 29, 2006 Aug 29, 2006 Montres Breguet SA Detent escapement for timepiece
Claims
1. Direct-impulse escapement, especially of detent type, for a horological movement, comprising:
a balance wheel attached to an impulse element,
an escape wheel whose teeth intersect the path of the impulse element,
a detent rocker having an arresting element and a clearance element,
means for inserting the arresting element into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel,
a clearance pin rotating integrally with the balance wheel, and
means for engaging said clearance pin (7,11d) with the clearance element of the rocker once per period of oscillation of the rocker to clear the arresting element from the escape wheel tooth;
said means for inserting the arresting element into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel comprising a sliding surface integral with the detent rocker and arranged so as to move into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel when the arresting element leaves it,
this sliding surface being shaped so that the force applied to it by a tooth of the escape wheel causes the arresting element of the detent rocker to move back into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel
the arresting element of the detent rocker comprising a safety surface situated outside of the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1) and adjacent to this path when the detent rocker is in the unlocking position, in order to prevent the arresting element (4) from moving into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel while the latter is communicating a movement impulse to the balance wheel.
2. Escapement according to claim 1, in which the length of the safety surface corresponds to the angle travelled by the escape wheel to communicate the movement impulse to the balance wheel, in order to prevent the premature return of the arresting element into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel.
3. Escapement according to claim 1, in which said clearance element is pressed elastically against a stop, so that it behaves like a rigid element when said clearance pin meets it while rotating in one direction and moves away elastically when the disengagement pin meets it while rotating in the other direction.
4. Escapement according to claim 1, in which said clearance pin is integral with an inertial member mounted freely between two extreme positions, in one of which the path of the clearance pin passes by said clearance element of the rocker, and in the other of which this path does not pass by this clearance element, the passage of the inertial member from one position to the other resulting from the inertial force acting on the inertial member due to the variations of speed of the balance wheel during each half-cycle of oscillation of the balance wheel.
5. Escapement according to claim 2, in which said clearance element is pressed elastically against a stop, so that it behaves like a rigid element when said clearance pin meets it while rotating in one direction and moves away elastically when the disengagement pin meets it while rotating in the other direction.
6. Escapement according to claim 2, in which said clearance pin is integral with an inertial member mounted freely between two extreme positions, in one of which the path of the clearance pin passes by said clearance element of the rocker, and in the other of which this path does not pass by this clearance element, the passage of the inertial member from one position to the other resulting from the inertial force acting on the inertial member due to the variations of speed of the balance wheel during each half-cycle of oscillation of the balance wheel.
PP的自家擒纵看的我眼花,有点意思,不敢妄加评论,总体感觉比O的同轴稍复杂。
Google翻译:
This is a single direct impulse, variable torque escapement with additional locking/unlocking for the part of oscillation when the escapement doesn't deliver the impulse (4 stable positions per oscillation).
Patent publication number: EP1522001
这是一个直接的冲动,可变扭矩擒纵振荡的一部分,锁定/解锁时擒纵系统不提供的冲动(4个位置振荡稳定)。
专利公开号:EP1522001
Different layers are in different colors to make it easier to see which parts interact and how.
dark blue - impulse wheel, impulse "jewel", locking part
blue - 2 locking/unlocking parts, unlocking "jewel"
grey - escapement gear train
black/yellow - rotor/stator
The blue part of the torque indicator presents the range of torque when escapement is unlocked.
The gray part is minimum torque to zero. The red part is negative torque during the unlocking.
Variable torque
The torque consists of two components:
1) "Constant" torque from the mainspring barrel
2) Sinusoidally varying torque from the rotor
You can see in the animation how the torque changes as the rotor turns.
转子 - 定子
Rotor - Permanent magnet diametrically magnetized (indicated by the arrow)
Stator - Ferromagnetic ring with two recesses. When rotor is set in rotation, the presence of these two recesses creates magnetic couple/torque having an effect on the rotor.
When the rotor's axis of magnetization is on the same axis as the recesses the rotor is in position of unstable balance. The position of stable balance is perpendicular to it. When the rotor is in position of stable balance slight angular shift will tend to bring the rotor back to its position, but when it's in position of unstable balance slight angular shift will tend to move it further from that position (to the position of stable balance).
The last picture shows what a pure mechanical analog would look like. Of course there are many ways of making a similar solution. The rotor and stator basically act like a spring - but with the simplest possible construction.
The impulse
Single impulse - there is only one impulse per oscillation (instead of one per each semi-oscillation as in lever escapement). This means less disturbance for the oscillator - the balance wheel.
Direct tangential impulse - the impulse is delivered to the balance directly by the escape wheel (and not through a lever) - there is less sliding friction (than the radial impulse of the lever escapement). This means more efficient energy transfer and no need for lubrication.
In this aspect it is similar to detent chronometer escapement or even more similar to Robin with its additional locking.
The angle during which the impulse wheel and the balance are engaged seems to be around 43 deg but that's not the whole story. When the escapement unlocks, the torque increases and when the impulse wheel and the balance come in contact the torque is still not at the maximum (<90%). Shortly after that, it reaches its maximum (the tangential component of the force at the max also) and then drops to around 40 % of the max at the point where they disengage. This means that the maximum power is transmitted over a limited angle of the oscillation. Maximum torque is achieved when the balance is at its maximum velocity (kinetic energy) - that's the dead point of the balance wheel (neutral position of the hairspring). This way the isochronism of the oscillator is preserved to the maximum.
Maximum torque from the escapement is (at least) around 65% greater than torque from the mainspring (fully wound).
Torque from the escapement during the impulse:
- 转子永磁径向磁化(箭头所示)
You can see from the animation that all the parts are very small in diameter and that center of mass=center of rotation.
The lever escapement has a safety feature that prevents unlocking at the wrong time (the draw). It holds the lever against the banking pin (or the locking notch in the new Pulsomax escapement). When the balance unlocks the escapement it also moves the escape wheel slightly backwards and that's the additional energy loss.
With this design this was not necessary. There is no recoil. Energy loss minimized.
You can see in the animation the small amount of negative torque during the unlocking.
During the unlocking the locking/unlocking part slides over the escape wheel tooth (or another locking part) while the escape wheel doesn't move. During that motion the gears can not be engaged and that explains the missing teeth from the pinions and the big wheel.
Short version:
efficient energy transfer, minimized disturbances of the natural oscillation of the balance
no lubrication of critical surfaces
compact size, low inertia
shock-proof
relatively simple construction - only uni-directionally rotating parts
easier lubrication of pivots (non-critical)
Very clever and outside the box solutions - but it's still just a patent and obviously very high tech design so I guess we shouldn't expect to see it in action any time soon.
SWISS LEVER ESCAPEMENT
Raphaël Cettour-Baron et al
This Swiss lever escapement comprises an escape wheel having teeth, and a lever having on the one hand an entry pallet and an exit pallet that engage alternately with the teeth of the escape wheel, and on the other hand a fork that engages periodically with an impulse pin on a roller mounted on the staff of a regulator balance wheel. The relative width Lpl of each of said pallets, expressed as a percentage of the sum of the lengths of arc of one of said teeth and one of said pallets, measured at the circumference of the escape wheel is:
an escape wheel having teeth, and a lever,
wherein the lever comprises (i) an entry pallet and an exit pallet that engage alternately with the teeth of the escape wheel, and (ii) a fork that engages periodically with an impulse pin on a roller mounted on the staff of a regulator balance wheel,
wherein the relative width Lpl of each of said pallets, expressed as a percentage of the sum of the lengths of arc of one of said teeth and one of said pallets, measured at the circumference of the escape wheel, is:
Lpl = Ls Ls + d or Le Le + d ≤ 60 %
where Ls and Le are the lengths of arc of the exit pallet and entry pallet, respectively, and d is the length of arc of one escape wheel tooth.
2. The escapement as claimed in claim 1, in which said relative width Lpl of each of said pallets is ≦45%.
3. The escapement as claimed in claim 1, in which the ratio of the length of arc Ls, Le of the exit or entry pallet, respectively, to the length of arc d of one of the escape wheel teeth is less than 1:1.
4. The escapement as claimed in claim 1, in which the length of the impulse plane La of one of said pallets is less than 200 μm.
5. The escapement as claimed in claim 1, in which the ratio of the length of the impulse plane Lg of one of said teeth to the length of the impulse plane La of one of the pallets is more than 1.5:1.
6. The escapement as claimed in claim 1, in which the ratio of the lift angle of the balance wheel to the lift angle of the lever is from 3.7:1 to 7:1.
7. The escapement as claimed in claim 6, in which the ratio of the lift angle of the balance wheel to the lift angle of the lever is 4.5:1.
8. The escapement as claimed in claim 2, in which the ratio of the length of arc Ls, Le of the exit or entry pallet, respectively, to the length of arc d of one of the escape wheel teeth is less than 1:1.
9. The escapement as claimed in claim 2, in which the length of the impulse plane La of one of said pallets is less than 200 μm.
10. The escapement as claimed in claim 3, in which the length of the impulse plane La of one of said pallets is less than 200 μm.
11. The escapement as claimed in claim 8, in which the length of the impulse plane La of one of said pallets is less than 200 μm.
12. The escapement as claimed in claim 2, in which the ratio of the length of the impulse plane Lg of one of said teeth to the length of the impulse plane La of one of the pallets is more than 1.5:1.
13. The escapement as claimed in claim 3, in which the ratio of the length of the impulse plane Lg of one of said teeth to the length of the impulse plane La of one of the pallets is more than 1.5:1.
14. The escapement as claimed in claim 4, in which the ratio of the length of the impulse plane Lg of one of said teeth to the length of the impulse plane La of one of the pallets is more than 1.5:1.
15. The escapement as claimed in claim 8, in which the ratio of the length of the impulse plane Lg of one of said teeth to the length of the impulse plane La of one of the pallets is more than 1.5:1.
16. The escapement as claimed in claim 2, in which the ratio of the lift angle of the balance wheel to the lift angle of the lever is from 3.7:1 to 7:1.
17. The escapement as claimed in claim 3, in which the ratio of the lift angle of the balance wheel to the lift angle of the lever is from 3.7:1 to 7:1.
18. The escapement as claimed in claim 4, in which the ratio of the lift angle of the balance wheel to the lift angle of the lever is from 3.7:1 to 7:1.
19. The escapement as claimed in claim 5, in which the ratio of the lift angle of the balance wheel to the lift angle of the lever is from 3.7:1 to 7:1.
20. The escapement as claimed in claim 8, in which the ratio of the lift angle of the balance wheel to the lift angle of the lever is from 3.7:1 to 7:1.