震撼性消息，ROLEX、PP等公司在开发自己的＂直推式擒纵装置＂

转爱表AP版主algtrd的发言：
由同轴引起的新擒纵革命（内含惊人新发现！）
最近看了chn6兄发表的8500和同轴擒纵的技术贴，很受鼓舞。我对技术是一瓶子不满半瓶子晃荡，对O和同轴也接触不多，唯一喜欢做的就是在google上搜索资料学习。偶然地搜索到了许多在同轴之后的各类新擒纵的资料，和大家分享，特别是希望chn6这样的专家能够消化吸收以后再为大家科普。从这些资料里我看到在近几年里各大厂家对新擒纵的研发普遍加速，而且是八仙过海各显神通。唯一的解释是这些厂家的研发部都通过同轴擒纵看到了新技术的优势，唯恐落后于人。从这个侧面，我认为纵使2500有过缺陷，哪怕8500不能把新技术的优势全面发挥出来，总体上O还是指出了技术发展的大方向。
0. 从同轴说起，它的各项关键技术之一是直接传动（direct impulse）。在摆轮一来一回的过程中，同轴把两次传动中的一次变成了直接传动。而各类新擒纵也都在直接传动上做文章，所以我在google上搜的是“direct impulse escapement”。
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劳力士擒纵专利详细：
本帖最后由 algtrd 于 2013-1-13 12:00 编辑
chn6 发表于 2013-1-13 10:40 9 G; G, r3 M" [
兄弟应该把这个消息再发劳坛，无论如何都是超有价值的信息啊，看看这次大家的预言都如何。
看附件里的图好像和AP的擒纵有点像。文件里还提到了2006年一个宝玑的专利设计。越来越有趣了。
This escapement comprises a balance wheel (3), an escape wheel (1), a detent rocker (4) having an arresting element (4a) and an elastic clearance element (4c), means for inserting the arresting element into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1), and a clearance pin (7) rotating integrally with the balance wheel (3) in order to engage with the elastic clearance element (4c) of the rocker (4) once per period of oscillation of the balance wheel. The means for inserting the arresting element (4a) into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1) comprise a sliding surface (4b) integral with the detent rocker (4) and arranged so as to move into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1) when the arresting element (4a) leaves it, this sliding surface being shaped so as to return the arresting element (4a) to the locking position.
Inventors: Alexandre Chiuve, Fabiano Colpo
Original Assignee: Rolex S.A.
Primary Examiner: Vit Miska
Attorney: Westerman, Hattori, Daniels & Adrian, LLP
Current U.S. Classification: 368/127; 368/129,
View patent at USPTO
Search USPTO Assignment Database, |# K2 D- P2 i
Citations
Cited Patent        Filing date        Issue date        Original Assignee        Title) D3 F) S$ p- x  x" h9 V
US40508                Nov 3, 1863                IMPROVEMENT IN TIME-KEEPERS
US51191                Nov 28, 1865                IMPROVEMENT IN CHRONOMETER-ESCAPEMENTS7
US1091261        Jul 22, 1913        Mar 24, 1914                CHRONOMETER-ESCAPEMENT
US3538705        Nov 7, 1968        Nov 10, 1970                ES CAPEMENT
US4122665        Jul 6, 1976        Oct 31, 1978        ETA A.G. Ebauches-Fabrik        Method of manufacturing a pallet lever and pallet lever made by this method
US7097350        Mar 29, 2006        Aug 29, 2006        Montres Breguet SA        Detent escapement for timepiece
Claims
1. Direct-impulse escapement, especially of detent type, for a horological movement, comprising:
    a balance wheel attached to an impulse element,
    an escape wheel whose teeth intersect the path of the impulse element,
    a detent rocker having an arresting element and a clearance element,
    means for inserting the arresting element into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel,
    a clearance pin rotating integrally with the balance wheel, and
    means for engaging said clearance pin (7,11d) with the clearance element of the rocker once per period of oscillation of the rocker to clear the arresting element from the escape wheel tooth;
    said means for inserting the arresting element into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel comprising a sliding surface integral with the detent rocker and arranged so as to move into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel when the arresting element leaves it,
    this sliding surface being shaped so that the force applied to it by a tooth of the escape wheel causes the arresting element of the detent rocker to move back into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel
    the arresting element of the detent rocker comprising a safety surface situated outside of the path of the teeth of the escape wheel (1) and adjacent to this path when the detent rocker is in the unlocking position, in order to prevent the arresting element (4) from moving into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel while the latter is communicating a movement impulse to the balance wheel.
2. Escapement according to claim 1, in which the length of the safety surface corresponds to the angle travelled by the escape wheel to communicate the movement impulse to the balance wheel, in order to prevent the premature return of the arresting element into the path of the teeth of the escape wheel.
3. Escapement according to claim 1, in which said clearance element is pressed elastically against a stop, so that it behaves like a rigid element when said clearance pin meets it while rotating in one direction and moves away elastically when the disengagement pin meets it while rotating in the other direction.
4. Escapement according to claim 1, in which said clearance pin is integral with an inertial member mounted freely between two extreme positions, in one of which the path of the clearance pin passes by said clearance element of the rocker, and in the other of which this path does not pass by this clearance element, the passage of the inertial member from one position to the other resulting from the inertial force acting on the inertial member due to the variations of speed of the balance wheel during each half-cycle of oscillation of the balance wheel.
5. Escapement according to claim 2, in which said clearance element is pressed elastically against a stop, so that it behaves like a rigid element when said clearance pin meets it while rotating in one direction and moves away elastically when the disengagement pin meets it while rotating in the other direction.
6. Escapement according to claim 2, in which said clearance pin is integral with an inertial member mounted freely between two extreme positions, in one of which the path of the clearance pin passes by said clearance element of the rocker, and in the other of which this path does not pass by this clearance element, the passage of the inertial member from one position to the other resulting from the inertial force acting on the inertial member due to the variations of speed of the balance wheel during each half-cycle of oscillation of the balance wheel.

PP的自家擒纵看的我眼花，有点意思，不敢妄加评论，总体感觉比O的同轴稍复杂。
Google翻译：
This is a single direct impulse, variable torque escapement with additional locking/unlocking for the part of oscillation when the escapement doesn't deliver the impulse (4 stable positions per oscillation).
Patent publication number: EP1522001
这是一个直接的冲动，可变扭矩擒纵振荡的一部分，锁定/解锁时擒纵系统不提供的冲动（4个位置振荡稳定）。
专利公开号：EP1522001
Different layers are in different colors to make it easier to see which parts interact and how.

dark blue - impulse wheel, impulse "jewel", locking part

blue - 2 locking/unlocking parts, unlocking "jewel"

grey - escapement gear train

black/yellow - rotor/stator

The blue part of the torque indicator presents the range of torque when escapement is unlocked.
The gray part is minimum torque to zero. The red part is negative torque during the unlocking.

Variable torque

The torque consists of two components:

1) "Constant" torque from the mainspring barrel

2) Sinusoidally varying torque from the rotor

You can see in the animation how the torque changes as the rotor turns.

Rotor - Stator
不同的层，使其更容易地看到哪些部分进行交互，以及如何在不同的颜色。

深蓝色 - 冲动，冲动的“宝石”轮，锁定部分

蓝 - 2锁定/解锁部件，打开“宝石”

灰色 - 擒纵齿轮火车

黑/黄 - 转子/定子

的蓝色部分的转矩指示器呈现擒纵被解锁时的扭矩的范围内。
的灰色部分是零的最小扭矩。红色部分是否定的扭矩，在解锁。

可变转矩

的转矩由两部分组成：

1）“常数”扭矩从发条盒

2）正弦变转矩从转子

你可以看到如何为转子的扭矩变化会在动画中。

转子 - 定子
Rotor - Permanent magnet diametrically magnetized (indicated by the arrow)

Stator - Ferromagnetic ring with two recesses. When rotor is set in rotation, the presence of these two recesses creates magnetic couple/torque having an effect on the rotor.

When the rotor's axis of magnetization is on the same axis as the recesses the rotor is in position of unstable balance. The position of stable balance is perpendicular to it. When the rotor is in position of stable balance slight angular shift will tend to bring the rotor back to its position, but when it's in position of unstable balance slight angular shift will tend to move it further from that position (to the position of stable balance).

The last picture shows what a pure mechanical analog would look like. Of course there are many ways of making a similar solution. The rotor and stator basically act like a spring - but with the simplest possible construction.



The impulse

Single impulse - there is only one impulse per oscillation (instead of one per each semi-oscillation as in lever escapement). This means less disturbance for the oscillator - the balance wheel.

Direct tangential impulse - the impulse is delivered to the balance directly by the escape wheel (and not through a lever) - there is less sliding friction (than the radial impulse of the lever escapement). This means more efficient energy transfer and no need for lubrication.

In this aspect it is similar to detent chronometer escapement or even more similar to Robin with its additional locking.

The angle during which the impulse wheel and the balance are engaged seems to be around 43 deg but that's not the whole story. When the escapement unlocks, the torque increases and when the impulse wheel and the balance come in contact the torque is still not at the maximum (<90%). Shortly after that, it reaches its maximum (the tangential component of the force at the max also) and then drops to around 40 % of the max at the point where they disengage. This means that the maximum power is transmitted over a limited angle of the oscillation. Maximum torque is achieved when the balance is at its maximum velocity (kinetic energy) - that's the dead point of the balance wheel (neutral position of the hairspring). This way the isochronism of the oscillator is preserved to the maximum.
Maximum torque from the escapement is (at least) around 65% greater than torque from the mainspring (fully wound).

Torque from the escapement during the impulse:
- 转子永磁径向磁化（箭头所示）

定子 - 铁磁环两个凹槽。当转子被设置在旋转时，这两个凹部的存在下创建具有的效果在转子上的磁耦合/转矩。

当转子的磁化轴在同一轴线上的凹部，转子处于不稳定的平衡位置。稳定的平衡位置是垂直于它。当转子的位置的稳定平衡轻微的角度转变时，会倾向于到带来的转子后面的位置，但是当它的位置的不稳定的平衡轻微的角度转变将倾向于以移动它进一步从该位置（稳定平衡的位置）。

最后一张照片显示了一个纯粹的机械模拟会是什么样子。当然也有很多方面类似的解决方案。转子和定子基本上像春天 - 但最简单的可能的结构。


冲动
单脉冲 - 只有一个脉冲每振荡（而不是一个在杠杆式擒纵每每个半振荡）。这意味着更少的干扰，为振荡器 - 摆轮。

直接切向脉冲 - 脉冲交付的平衡直接由擒纵轮（而不是通过一个杠杆） - 有较少的滑动摩擦（脉冲的杠杆式擒纵比径向）。这意味着更有效的能量转移和没有必要的润滑。

在这方面，它是类似的止动精密记时计的擒纵或更类似于罗宾其额外的锁定。

从事的冲动轮**衡的角度约43度，但似乎这并不是故事的全部。当擒纵解锁时，转矩增加，并当脉冲轮**衡来仍然是不接触的扭矩的最大值（<90％）。在那之后不久，就达到最大（力也最大的切向分量），然后下降到40％左右，最大的地步，他们脱离。这意味着振荡在一个有限的角度，被发送的最大功率。时达到最大扭矩的平衡是在其最大速度（动能） - 这是摆轮（游丝的中立位置的）的死点。通过这种方式的振荡器的等时被保存到最大。
从擒纵系统的最大扭矩力矩大于发条完全结束（至少）65％左右。

扭矩从擒纵的冲动：
The unlocking

You can see from the animation that all the parts are very small in diameter and that center of mass=center of rotation.

The lever escapement has a safety feature that prevents unlocking at the wrong time (the draw). It holds the lever against the banking pin (or the locking notch in the new Pulsomax escapement). When the balance unlocks the escapement it also moves the escape wheel slightly backwards and that's the additional energy loss.

With this design this was not necessary. There is no recoil. Energy loss minimized.
You can see in the animation the small amount of negative torque during the unlocking.

During the unlocking the locking/unlocking part slides over the escape wheel tooth (or another locking part) while the escape wheel doesn't move. During that motion the gears can not be engaged and that explains the missing teeth from the pinions and the big wheel.


Short version:

efficient energy transfer, minimized disturbances of the natural oscillation of the balance

no lubrication of critical surfaces

compact size, low inertia

shock-proof

relatively simple construction - only uni-directionally rotating parts

easier lubrication of pivots (non-critical)
Very clever and outside the box solutions - but it's still just a patent and obviously very high tech design so I guess we shouldn't expect to see it in action any time soon.

Mishko
解锁

您可以从动画中看到，所有的零件是非常小的直径和该中心的质量中心旋转。

杠杆式擒纵有安全功能，可以防止在错误的时间（抽签）解锁。它持有杠杆对银行的引脚（或在新的Pulsomax擒纵系统的锁定槽）。当平衡解锁擒纵系统，它也将擒纵轮微微后仰，这是额外的能量损失。

有了这个设计，这是没有必要的。有没有后坐力。能量损失降至最低。
您可以在动画中看到少量的负扭矩在解锁。

在解锁的锁定/解锁的擒纵轮齿（或另一个锁定部分）的部分滑过而擒纵轮不移动。在该议案不能从事的齿轮，说明缺齿的小齿轮和大轮。
短版本：

能量转移效率，最小化干扰的自然振荡的平衡

没有关键表面的润滑

紧凑的尺寸，低惯量

防震

结构相对简单 - 只有单方向旋转部件

更容易润滑的支点（非关键）

非常聪明，外箱解决方案 - 但它仍然只是一个专利，显然是非常高科技的设计，所以我想我们不应该期望看到它在行动的任何时间很快。

Mishko

劳力士不单有新擒纵系统,还有新的游丝,估计还在测试中.....
PP这个,不看好.....

ROLEX 擒纵专利证书：

很早前的文章了，保守的好处就是产品的成熟，看来PP与R不是没有动作，只是不轻易下线。

看完了，估计不会量产。

劳力士拥有不止一项的擒纵系统的专利，但是付诸行动就。。。。
可能也是用来标榜自身实力的一种方式

自我保护而已，哪家大厂没几个专利在手，以后都不用混了。
专利可不仅仅是自己使用的，还可以拿来打击对手、交叉许可、自我保护。

拭目以待吧

古擒纵方式那么多,最后给马式擒纵一统天下.
面对欧的同轴,别厂只怕都得有应对,只不过能不能用,怎么用还需要好多年.

不算新闻，能不能会不会量产那？这种专利不少的。

研究这个有嘛意思？等我们老了还不一定成熟。要玩技术先拆拆机芯学学修表，否则就像算术都没学过整天讨论微积分。

PP的那个动画，直观感觉摆轮上的那个蓝色的方形的装置，磨损会非常严重。

R的擒纵，感觉擒纵叉和擒纵轮的接触，类似同轴，对装配精度要求较高

PPBG 发表于 2013-1-13 17:42
PP的那个动画，直观感觉摆轮上的那个蓝色的方形的装置，磨损会非常严重。

其实PP的那款擒纵就是复式擒纵的基础上改材料，再加一套传动结构

PPBG 发表于 2013-1-13 17:51
R的擒纵，感觉擒纵叉和擒纵轮的接触，类似同轴，对装配精度要求较高

R的擒纵演变自冲击式擒纵，如果材料加工技术过关了，估计还是可以的。

nomorewatch 发表于 2013-1-14 10:00
R的擒纵演变自冲击式擒纵，如果材料加工技术过关了，估计还是可以的。

R没动画，想象了一下运转情况，感觉和同轴一样，也是“小碎步”。

nomorewatch 发表于 2013-1-14 09:59
其实PP的那款擒纵就是复式擒纵的基础上改材料，再加一套传动结构

pp的这个，运转起来乱七八糟。我不懂机械原理，但感觉不好。

PPBG 发表于 2013-1-13 18:18
pp的这个，运转起来乱七八糟。我不懂机械原理，但感觉不好。

其实现在的机械表基本都是天下文章一大抄，你抄我的，我抄你的，操来操去，到头来不知所谓。